4. MAGNETISM

            According to this model, the flow of VPs in a magnetic field is different to that of an electric field since there are no magnetic monopoles. The smallest possible magnet is the atom or molecule. As we know, the field lines of a magnet run inside the magnet, from the north pole to the south pole, and outside of the magnet, from the south pole to the north pole (according to this model, there is a flow of VP in exactly these directions). An internal cyclic current (see for ex.: De Curtis, pg.56) transfers energy to the VGs of the BF, which are in this way converted into VPs of the resulting magnetic field.

Since, as in electric fields, VPs are linked in EM fields by strings, they cannot move from one field line to another. In this sense, if we approach two equal magnetic poles, the field lines cannot interchange VPs, so that a pressure on each field line appears and the strings between the VPs of the fields become tensed. This tension is proportional to the repulsion force between two equal poles. The more we approach two equal poles, the smaller becomes the distance between two adjacent field lines and the higher the tension of the corresponding strings is. The result: equal poles tend to repulse each other and this repulsion is proportional to the distance between both poles, e.g. between two adjacent field lines.

If we approach two unequal poles, the VPs that come out of the south pole of one magnet enter without any impediment into the north pole of the other magnet. To do so, it is not necessary that VPs change from one field line to another. The density of field lines between two opposite poles simply doubles and a unique circuit of VPs appears. Since the combined magnetic field consists of twice as much field lines (and VPs) as in one single pole, the magnetic force of the combined magnet is also approx. twice as high as that of one individual magnet.

In magnets, without the BF, internal currents would not be able to produce VPs, since there would be no VGs to interact with. In this case, there would be no magnets at all, as well as no positive charges or ions. In addition, there would also be no negative charges or ions since the VPs with which they interact would not exist. In conclusion, without the BF, there would be no EM fields at all.